Healthcare and pharmaceutical supply chains constitute a critical backbone for the delivery of clinical services and public health outcomes. Recent global disruptions, including pandemics, geopolitical instability, and demand–supply mismatches, have exposed structural inefficiencies and systemic vulnerabilities within these networks. This study investigates the role of strategic optimization in strengthening supply chain resilience and operational efficiency. A pilot study was conducted with 225 respondents drawn from healthcare institutions, pharmaceutical firms, and logistics providers. The analysis employs statistical techniques, particularly Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), to examine the influence of key determinants such as risk mitigation practices, digital supply chain integration, supplier base diversification, and demand forecasting accuracy on overall supply chain performance. The empirical results demonstrate that integrated and data-driven strategies significantly enhance adaptability, responsiveness, and efficiency. The study further develops a conceptual optimization framework and provides actionable insights for improving robustness and continuity in healthcare supply systems.