This study examines public perception and passenger satisfaction towards electric bus services in Chennai. Urban transportation systems are significant contributors to environmental degradation. With the transition to electric buses becoming a priority in the metropolitan areas, the research aims to understand the key factors such as comfort, technology, sustainability, and perception of the Tamil Nadu Government initiative and how these factors influence overall satisfaction and usage behaviour among the commuters. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 152 respondents, capturing insights across demographics and consumer attitudes. The findings of the study reveal that the majority of the users are female, young and environmentally conscious. While technological and sustainability aspects are important, passenger satisfaction is largely driven by comfort and confidence in government initiatives. The study concludes that while awareness is high due to personal experience, operational barriers such as limited route availability remain significant hurdles.

This study examines the factors influencing parents' perceptions of school choice in Chennai, with particular reference to Orchids International School at Thoraipakkam. With the rapid growth of private and international schools. Nowadays, parents are facing multiple choices in the school selection process for their children. The study shows the key determination of the analysis for parents while selecting the schools for their children. Primary data was collected from 110 respondents using the structured questionnaire. The research method I used for this study is a descriptive research design, which uses percentage analysis, tabular, and graphical methods for data interpretation. The findings tell us that academic excellence, safety measures, infrastructure, and holistic development are the main factors in school selection. The study suggests that schools should focus on both academic and non-academic aspects to enhance their overall satisfaction.

There are many job opportunities in cities compared to rural areas due to which people move into cities which has facilities for more jobs, education and has a higher standard of living. Hence in cities commuting to work, to school, and to all other day to day activities has increased and has led to traffic congestion problems. Traffic congestion has become a major challenge in our metropolitan cities like Chennai due to the fast pace of urbanisation and the increasing number of vehicles on the road. Two-wheelers are widely used for daily commuting because they are affordable and convenient for busy roads. At the same time, heavy traffic conditions often lead to longer travel times and increased fuel consumption for people. This study aims to examine the traffic problems faced by two-wheeler users in Chennai and to analyse their impact on fuel usage. Primary data was collected from 120 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study applies a descriptive research design and uses percentage analysis for data interpretation. The findings show that most commuters travel 10-20 km daily and spend around 30-60 minutes in traffic congestion. The study suggests improving traffic management and road infrastructure to reduce congestion and fuel wastage.

This study examines the effectiveness of KPI-based performance appraisal systems in promoting career advancement among faculty members in higher education institutions. The primary objectives of the study were to examine the influence of KPI-based appraisal systems on career progression, to determine whether KPI-based evaluations promote fairness and transparency in promotion and professional growth, and to identify challenges faced by faculty members in meeting KPI requirements. A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The study collected data from faculty members, and statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation), reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate that KPI-based performance appraisal systems significantly influence career advancement among faculty members. The results also show a positive relationship between KPI-based evaluations and fairness and transparency in promotion decisions. Although challenges such as workload pressure and limited resources were identified, the overall perception of the appraisal system remained positive. Reliability analysis confirmed that the measurement scales were internally consistent and suitable for hypothesis testing. The study concludes that KPI-based performance appraisal systems are effective in supporting career advancement when implemented transparently and supported with adequate institutional resources. The findings provide useful insights for higher education institutions seeking to improve performance evaluation systems and enhance faculty development.

The study investigates satisfaction levels of Generation Y and Generation Z women customers regarding apparel purchased through online platforms in the Delhi NCR apparel market. A survey-based descriptive approach was employed, with a sample size of 660 respondents selected to ensure adequate representation of both generational cohorts. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and t-test techniques to measure satisfaction levels and compare differences between the two generations. The findings provide empirical evidence on how generational differences influence satisfaction in online apparel shopping, highlighting key areas such as product quality, delivery efficiency, pricing, and customer service.

Biological sciences are undergoing transformative changes driven by technological innovations, interdisciplinary research, and integrative approaches. This comprehensive review examines emerging trends and practical applications across zoology, botany, and agricultural sciences, with particular emphasis on genomics, transcriptomics, CRISPR-based gene editing, artificial intelligence (AI), high-throughput plant phenotyping, precision agriculture, and conservation biology. These advancements have significantly enhanced understanding of biodiversity, species interactions, plant–microbe relationships, and ecosystem dynamics, enabling sustainable solutions for food security, climate adaptation, and environmental resilience. This paper makes a distinct contribution by integrating the three disciplines—zoology, botany, and agricultural sciences—into a unified analytical framework, addressing a critical gap in current literature. The study additionally addresses ethical concerns in gene editing, data privacy in biodiversity research, technological disparities between regions, and climate uncertainty. By emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, systems-based research, and evidence-driven policy strategies, this review underscores the potential of converging biological disciplines to foster sustainability, resilience, and equitable global development in the 21st century.

A persistent development challenge in India and worldwide, educational inequality still constitutes a barrier to long-term economic prospects for populations and social hierarchies. In India, despite decades of policy initiatives to improve education access for all, minority and underserved populations have lower levels of educational attainment, drop-out rates are higher for these groups and there is limited access to quality programs (Choudhury et al., 2023). There are persistent inequalities in access to, quality of and outcomes from education (OECD, 2023; Inequality of Opportunity in Education, 2025), related to socioeconomic background, geographical location, caste identity and community marginalisation. Such differences are grounded in the country´s history of socioeconomic stratification and exacerbated by spatially-dispersed educational infrastructure, variations in teacher quality, and household resource constraints (Choudhury et al., 2023; Turner & Hanushek, 2024). Education's importance as the foundation of human development is universal; unsurprisingly, it serves not only as a driver for individual economic mobility, but also a force in shaping inclusive societies and mitigating structural inequities (Hanushek 1979; Deming 2025). Economists and education researchers have traditionally studied how higher levels of education increase people’s access to employment, incomes earned, and labour force participation (Hanushek, 1979; Deming, 2025); evidence from global comparative research also indicates the contribution of equitable education systems to financial inclusion and overall economic participation (Nature Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2025). Yet, it is less clear the extent to which education impacts other dimensions of social inclusion – such as civic engagement, participation in community organizations or services, and equitable treatment in social institutions contexed by enduring social hierarchies and discrimination (Ben Brik & Brown, 2024).

This paper examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is adopted and the level of trust in 231 employees of a hospital. The research was statistically analyzed with the help of SPSS (including factor analysis and regression) that determines five main dimensions of the AI application Clinical and Operational, Health Information Management, Patient Monitoring, Administrative Support and Patient Communication. The descriptive statistics indicate that there is high unanimity on the use of AI in enhancing the hospital operations and communication with patients. The findings indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between trust and AI adoption (r = 0.402, p = 0.000) and trust contributes 16.1% to the adoption levels. Moreover, a Krushal-Wallis H test demonstrates that there is a significant difference in adoption between designations (p = 0.015), the highest adoption is exhibited by IT/Systems staff and the lowest one is demonstrated by nurses. This evidence underlines that even though AI is versatile in the hospital operations, developing trust is the key to the extensive adoption of the technologies by the professionals.

The Internet of Musical Things connects smart instruments, wearable devices, and musical tools using the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Semantic Web technologies. Previous studies have improved semantic interoperability and network efficiency but they primarily focused on technical aspects overlooking usability and cultural inclusivity. This paper reviews existing contributions to identify gaps such as complex interfaces and insufficient validation. To address these issues, we propose an intuitive, feedback-enabled, and emotion-aware graphical interface for non-technical users. The methodology emphasizes requirement analysis, user-friendly design, feedback integration through usability and adaptability, thereby bridging technical infrastructure and real-world applications.

The modern competitive and fast-changing organizational environment has seen employee engagement become an important productivity, retention, and general organizational success factor. Even though effective, to a certain extent, traditional human resource practices will fail to result in long-term motivation and active involvement of the employee. According to this, gamification has become a prevalent trend as a new form of innovation that incorporates game design into non-games to improve interaction and performance. In this paper, the concept of how gamification can be applied in human resource management and how it can be effective in creating employee engagement is discussed. It deals with the very basics of gamification such as points, badges, leaderboards, challenges, and rewards and examines how these elements affect motivation of employees, collaboration among employees, and job satisfaction among employees. It also studies the psychological mechanism of gamification, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, behavioural reinforcement and goal orientation. The study is conceptual and analytical in nature, which is supported by the secondary information in the literature, industry reports and case study of organizations that have successfully applied gamified HR practices. Findings indicate that gamification is capable of significantly enhancing the engagement of the employees in training, performance review and in activities at the workplace to make the usual routine activities less monotonous and more entertaining. It also contributes to obtaining a better learning, better team dynamics and positive organizational culture. However, the study identifies such problems as an overuse of extrinsic rewards, potential burnout of staff, and the need to design and implement it carefully. The paper concludes by stating that gamification can be an excellent tool of growing engagement and sustainable performance in the modern working environments when applied strategically in line with the organizational goals and the needs of the employees.