A number of factors, including changes in the global economy, technology breakthroughs, and moves to market economies, influence the business environment of today. These elements highlight how important knowledge is. But it's still difficult to manage this information properly. (Lam et al., 2021). It becomes the crucial factor for the organizations seeking survival and sustainability in such a dynamic environment where it enables the organizations to utilize knowledge appropriately (Nilashi et al., 2019). Corporate sustainability has the ability to shift from resource management as traditionally focused toward an organizational focus on reduction of impacts that environmental, social, and economic types may bring upon the business (Chowdhury & Paul, 2020). Sustainability is an avenue that can help reduce risks in unstable markets while promoting stability by reducing sources of uncertainty (Demir et al., 2021). This encompasses a long-term approach toward leadership and stakeholder development, which ensures management of internal and external factors sustainably as the organization grows (Amjad et al., 2021).The connection between sustainability and knowledge management is that the latter requires continuous learning and the sharing of knowledge within an organization to be at its best (Chiabrishvili & Zaim, 2018; Demir et al., 2021). Knowledge management investment will turn an organization innovative and learning-oriented, embracing the principles of sustainability (Martins et al., 2019). Sustainability is quite an important area for newly emerging economies. In fact, sustainability can be the top factor that determines competitiveness for an emerging economy. Sustainability is meeting the present needs without losing the ability of future generations to meet their own. Organizations attain sustainability through knowledge management and innovation-driven efforts (Akram et al., 2018). New policies from companies can enhance the sustainability practices of companies, thus having a positive impact on the community and other stakeholders. Further research is needed to construct new strategies and improve knowledge management. Sustainably reacting to the issues of sustainability will catalyze a long-term change (Martins et al., 2019).High importance of sustainability in higher education relates to ecological balance and new societal frameworks. However, now environmental concerns form part of the educational activities of a university (Al-Rahmi et al., 2019). Knowledge management is part of long-term business practices since it generates, shares, and applies collective knowledge to ensure companies fulfill their economic, social, and environmental responsibilities in a sustainable manner (Chopra et al., 2021). Sustainability, which has existed for over 30 years, marries short-term profits with long-term strategies to maintain financial, social, and environmental well-being in a global economy (Hossain et al., 2022).

This chapter reviews information on knowledge management, sustainability, and organizational sustainability together with their interrelation and relevance. The essence of the current study is derived from the core concepts of the theories of sustainable development and knowledge management. Management ideology has become a holistic model within the last decades. It relates to the improvement of every factor of business on a sustained basis (Abbas, 2020).

Knowledge Management

As per the findings of Kavalić et al. (2021), the positive influence of knowledge management (KM) extends to enhancing productivity, competitiveness, and fostering organizational development. It is influenced by a number of elements. Studies indicate a robust correlation among tertiary education, economic viability, and sustainable development. Innovation, enterprise sustainability, and financial performance are all closely correlated with knowledge management. At the macro level, government expenditure, investment, entrepreneurial activities, workforce, and information represent some of the factors. In this regard, knowledge management, particularly in terms of gathering, retaining, and distributing intellectual capital, becomes an important function in the decision-making process of an organization. It is fundamentally different from information management because this involves more than just information; it involves a different class of assets. Knowledge management, thus, protects and develops personal knowledge so that it becomes ready for sharing. Applying a knowledge management framework, managers make a way to exploit the basis of sustainability to innovate as well as reproduce intellectual assets with dynamic returns on investments in enabling technologies (Spangler et al., 2014). While knowledge is essential for businesses to have productive skills, inefficiencies might result in ones that are not long-lasting. For this reason, organizations need to include outside expertise and creativity. Developing knowledge from IT data is crucial for long-term capacities (Akram et al., 2018).The knowledge management ideology and the management instrument have the ultimate aim of creating, distributing, and applying data and information to benefit an organization. This ensures business success using knowledge-based viewpoints.

Knowledge management comprises the processes of information creation, acquisition, storing, sharing, and utilization. Agile management produces useful information, while knowledge management (KM) affects decisions and behaviors. It can bring high profits in the long run (Hossain et al., 2022). KM is necessary for firms to manage organizational processes and create competencies. It involves understanding customers, markets, competitors, and future technology. In many cases, though, without a plan for integrating knowledge management, this knowledge is not effectively leveraged. (Lopes et al., 2017). (KM) is a more holistic term that includes both the development and utilization of knowledge, which is inherently possessed by human beings and later acquired through education. It puts emphasis on tacit knowledge, the interaction of human beings with each other, and learning beyond technology and managing information. The aims of knowledge management are to present new opportunities, add value, and gain a competitive advantage (Mämmelä et al., 2019). This study focuses on how knowledge management (KM) contributes to several areas of sustainability, and it goes into great length about the following.

Sustainability

The English word "sustainability" can refer to a number of concepts, such as the potential to be environmentally sustainable, the rate or degree of sustainability, and the quality of being sustainable. It was used initially in the seventeenth century to refer to the preservation of the important resources, mainly timber, in Britain, France, and Saxony, for military and commercial ends. Sustainability knowledge, or knowledge about the sustainability principles, is often found more often in educational research, especially when it comes to the matter of organizational intelligence, than in academic management literature. (Klingenberg & Rothberg, 2020). Sustainability is important for organizations to meet current needs and protect future generations. The theory of scarcity economics focuses on responsible use of limited resources. Sustainability adoption should focus on social, economic, and environmental dimensions with consideration of trade-offs. High levels of sustainability may result in sustainable development and meeting stakeholder commitments. Hence, all three aspects are beneficial from comprehensive research and a knowledge base (Alketbi & Ahmad, 2023). Sustainability is an important concept in the current economy, and knowledge-based theory is the underpinning of strategic thinking in business. Knowledge is recognized as the most valuable asset and the base for sustainability; however, knowledge and knowledge management processes need to be sustainable.Context, culture, and appropriateness are crucial in the pursuit of sustainability, and there is a focus on community and process. Knowledge-based activities can raise the probability of knowledgeable practices (Gloet, 2006). In a knowledge economy, firms' long-term competitive advantages are determined by their capacities to acquire, transform, and use knowledge-based assets. The strategic assets are more likely to create a lasting competitive advantage through their use in enhancing the competencies of an organization and value-creation processes. These strategic assets may be systematically used to achieve plans, implement value-creating activities, and consequently produce innovative goods or services (Roxas & Chadee, 2016). To attain sustainable development, the sustainability performance of an organization is measured and evaluated in terms of its environmental, social, and economic impact. It involves goal setting, project implementation, tracking progress, and strategy adjustment. Organizations report their performance through sustainability reports and disclosures, using different methods including financial, social, and environmental measures; certifications; qualitative assessment; and composite indexes (Cheng et al., 2023).

Organization Sustainability

Organizational sustainability is a three-dimensional model that encompasses economic, social, and environmental pillars. The triple bottom line is an extremely accepted concept as a basis for sustainable management but also raises questions about the business aim of companies if not correctly integrated (Lopes et al., 2017). Organizational sustainability is the essence for firms to mitigate risk, face uncertain conditions, and gain stability in rapidly changing markets. It involves continuous learning and knowledge management, with knowledge management and organizational sustainability positively related (Demir et al., 2021). The 1970s saw a revolution in sustainability, integrating economic, social, and environmental aspects of organizations. Global concerns include environmental degradation, marginalization, and green knowledge search. Sustainability can increase employee commitment and represent sustainability goals. Environmental modernization theory emphasizes modern sciences and technologies as ecological and economic missions. Market policies must address conflicts between economic processes and the environment for sustainable development (Al-Faouri, 2023).

We employed an acknowledged methodological approach to ensure that a literature review of the body of research on the aspect of migrant knowledge management to organization sustainability would yield a well-structured synthesis. We first developed a complex search strategy and subsequently, very precise inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify which papers were relevant to consider. We conducted a comprehensive literature search that involved data extraction, critical evaluation, and synthesis of previous findings. The details of the numerous steps are provided in the following section. Furthermore, we presented systematic reviews according to the PRISMA declaration. For every search phase, we recorded the steps and outcomes by using the PRISMA template. From study discovery and screening to inclusion, the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram showing the study selection process is presented in Figure 1. With the publication of this study, additional information on the PRISMA checklist and PRISMA abstract checklist is available online.

Search Terms :( TITLE ( "Knowledge Management" )  AND  TITLE ( "Organization Sustainability" )  OR  TITLE ( "Sustainability" ) )  AND  PUBYEAR  >  2003  AND  PUBYEAR  <  2023  AND  ( LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA,  "BUSI" )  OR  LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA,  "SOCI" )  OR  LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA,  "ARTS" ) )  AND  ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE,  "ar" ) )  AND  ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE,  "j" ) )  AND  ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE,  "English" ) )

Source: author’s creation)

From the accessed databases, 735 records have been identified to start from. Before screening, 32 duplicates were removed and there thus remained 703 for screening. A total of 463 records are excluded in the screening phase: 235 because they were published outside 2005-2023, 128 because they are in subjects other than Business Management and Accounting, Social Sciences, Psychology, Arts, and Humanities, 72 are not classified as "Articles," one is not a journal article, and 27 are in languages other than English, and that would leave reports sought for retrieval at 240. However, with restricted access, 123 could not be retrieved; thus only 117 reports were assessed for eligibility and subsequently ruled out on subsequent evaluation. Altogether 69 reports were excluded. With a re-analysis of data from 2024 and by following all the rules put in place, 5 additional articles were found, thereby totaling 53 reports included in the review.

RQ1: What are the primary studies distributed across different publication years?

Fig-1 Distribution of primary studies over publication years

Source: Author's creation

Figure 1 reveals that from the year 2016 onwards, there was a trend of consistent increase in the volume of publications. The year 2004 was the starting year of the analytic procedure without any limits on scope to provide an all-around perspective of the trend in publishing. The graph is characterized by a steady trend and the number of publications, especially from 2016, which indicates interest and investment in research from the investigated topic. Trends with an upward direction may be associated with many factors: better research infrastructure, more access to digital platforms of publication, or greater interaction between academics and industry. Trends do not show signs of flattening, so publication growth is expected to persist. Evidence supports the view that, over the last couple of decades, the academic community has been highly interested in this field of research, which has increased knowledge.

RQ2: What types of articles are included in the systematic literature review?

Fig-2 The analysis of article types

Source: Authors own creation

Article types reveal the diversity of research methods. 39 empirical articles represented facts and observations from real life. Systematic reviews, which included six papers providing detailed summaries of existing literature on the topic, were the outcome of systematic reviews. Case studies supplied four papers focusing on in-depth analyses of specific cases or organizations. Three had a bibliometric analysis where the research impact and publishing patterns could be measured by applying quantitative techniques. There was one conceptual article that dealt mainly with idea development and, therefore, theoretical inquiry. Thus, in terms of subject matter, the distribution is rather well-rounded.

RQ3: Which Subject Area of journals are most frequently represented in the systematic literature review?

Table -1 Category of journals appearing in the SLR

SLR demonstrates the presence of subsets of magazines that support research. The largest number of publications falls into the business, management, and accounting field with 21 articles, which signifies a significant focus on business strategy at the intersection with management groups and financial methods, as seen by the body of literature explored. Social sciences are found in second place with 14 papers, indicating much broader social and behavioral implications covered by the research. Computer Science encompasses 5 papers that depict an apparent prevalence of research about technology, digital applications, and their implementation in other areas. The same applies to library and information sciences, with 5 papers showing how knowledge management and information systems are vital for the research. Healthcare magazines carry 3 articles on issues that pertain to the realm of health management and sustainability. Multidisciplinary magazines carry another 3 articles, which indicate cross-disciplinary research activities. Education carries the lowest coverage with only 2 items.

RQ4: Which host countries are most commonly reported in the primary studies?

Fig 3 Host countries reported in primary studies

The geographic dispersion of the information supplied a vast variety of nations. India leads with 8, followed by Brazil and China, both with 6. Italy is slightly behind with 5, while Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, and the USA each have 4. There are 3 records in Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The trend follows this pattern to a greater degree in countries that lie along several continents, especially throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The highest number happens in India, which may be due to the sheer numbers that the country possesses or the prominent occurrence of some institutions there. These nations with 4 cases have been spread across geographical points, which illustrates that it is a problem around the world. Then there is this kind of nation with three incidents that show a reduced level of activity within the data; nevertheless, it is also worthy of achieving a wider outreach into knowledge management and sustainability organizations around

Table -2 Results overview

This study recommends that knowledge management is key to achieving sustainability in most industries and is measured based on the aspect of financial feasibility. Differences in applying knowledge management by local and foreign enterprises within Serbia are described, as well as the issues of a Fortune 150 company using green management practices with the model of distributed knowledge management. The paper also underlines the positive linkage between knowledge management, sustainability, and innovation in different sectors of the economy, including healthcare, tourism, construction, and knowledge-based leadership. In Pakistan, TQM techniques help to achieve CS objectives; however, in Jordan, green KM and sustainability are positively linked. In China, a knowledge graph reveals changes in eating habits and more meat consumption. Innovative ideas include multi-agent networks for collaborative knowledge management in industrial sustainability as well as personal knowledge management systems that help overcome information overload and inadequacies of digital tools. In addition, the project studies big data adoption and knowledge sharing in education for sustainability, financial inclusion implications on risk KM, insurance literacy, risk-taking inclination, and economic sustainability in SME

In conclusion, the majority of study findings underline the crucial role knowledge management plays in promoting environmentally friendly business practices. Effective knowledge management has been linked to favorable sustainability outcomes, spanning from financial performance to environmental issues, in SMEs, manufacturing businesses, and IT organizations. Numerous studies have shown that knowledge management contributes to organizational sustainability by acting as a mediator in the relationship between several factors, such as IT capability, stakeholder participation, and total quality management (TQM). This highlights the need to integrate knowledge management into overarching organizational plans. The findings highlight applications unique to the sector, including green knowledge management in tourism, sustainable construction management, and tools for creating sustainable products. According to this research, attaining sustainable goals requires tailoring knowledge management techniques to the unique requirements and issues of many businesses.

RQ5: What are the research prospects surrounding knowledge management in the context of sustainability and organizational sustainability?

The present emphasis is on research that is connected to the integration of knowledge management and communication approaches with Sustainable Development Goals to better make sustainability programs successful across sectors (Russ, 2021). Current research focuses on KM to promote sustainable entrepreneurship, ensuring there is a balance between the social, environmental, and economic goals to effect the creation of successful and responsible company models (Alkathiri et al., 2024). The current research analyzes how KM procedures may affect organizational learning and sustainability, therefore the possibility of boosting flexibility along with long-term sustainability owing to enhanced learning and knowledge practice (S and J, 2021). The scope focuses on the effect of newly developing technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain on knowledge management techniques since there has been an attempt toward improved and creative ways to achieve sustainable development (Russ, 2021). The present focus is on the scopes and influence of enhancing sustainability practices through using knowledge management (KM) methods in sectors such as production, of health, education, and the agricultural sector, which will address challenges or opportunities specific to their business (Smuts and Van Der Merwe, 2022).

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