Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a transformative force in India’s socio-economic development. With increasing awareness, education, and support from government schemes, more women are stepping into entrepreneurial roles across diverse sectors such as biotechnology, IT, health care, tourism, and more. These women are not only contributing to economic growth but are also acting as agents of social change, uplifting their communities and challenging traditional gender roles. Despite their growing presence, women entrepreneurs continue to face significant challenges, including limited access to finance, lack of training, market constraints, socio-cultural barriers, and difficulty balancing work and family life. Notable success stories, such as Indra Nooyi, and Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw serve as motivation for aspiring women entrepreneurs across the country. To support their development, the Indian government has introduced several empowerment schemes, training programs, and financial assistance initiatives. Suggestions like targeted training, relaxed qualifications, and improved marketing support are essential for fostering a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Overall, empowering women entrepreneurs is not only vital for achieving gender equality but also for ensuring sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Their success symbolizes resilience, innovation, and the untapped potential of half the nation’s talent pool.

This paper explores knowledge management in sustainability, where the gaps identified in existing approaches are encouraged to make better use of action research and qualitative methods. A systematic review was done on related literature with 735 records and a total of 703 articles. Removing the duplicates and screening results left 117 reports assessed for eligibility; after excluding, only 53 studies remained. Based on re-analysed data in 2024, 5 articles were added to be included. Knowledge management is vital for sustainability and impacts industries and initiatives such as Total Quality Management, IT capacity building, and stakeholder engagement. This might include a study into future technologies like big data, blockchain, and AI within knowledge management. Human-centered, cross-sectional, and longitudinal techniques may be particularly good fits for this research. Most of the articles reviewed here dealt with fewer studies that were related to action research, however, a wide range of techniques is covered in modeling and tool development. Highlights: • In recent years, there has been an increase in the application of knowledge management in the context of sustainability. • Further study is needed to fill gaps in themes, tactics, objectives, and techniques. • Research into building concepts and methods for information exchange is increasing.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) plays a crucial role in the success of salespeople, especially in the high-pressure environment of the private life insurance sector. This research analyzes factors influencing the EI of sales personnel in Kolkata, India. Using a mixed-methods approach, we collected quantitative data through structured surveys from 200 sales professionals and conducted in-depth interviews with 20 managers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The findings indicate that personality traits, stress management, adaptability, and communication skills significantly influence the EI of salespeople. Recommendations for training interventions are discussed to enhance EI in the workforce.

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital marketing has significantly transformed consumer-brand interactions, raising important questions about how AI-enabled tools influence consumer decision-making. This study investigates the impact of three key AI-driven marketing applications—AI-based product recommendations, interactive virtual assistance, and AI-enabled social proof cues—on consumer purchase decisions. Drawing from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research employs a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on a sample of 400 online consumers. The results reveal that all three AI tools have a statistically significant and positive effect on purchase intentions, with interactive virtual assistance exhibiting the strongest influence. The model explains 68.5% of the variance in consumer purchase decisions, demonstrating strong explanatory power. The findings underscore the strategic importance of implementing consumer-centric AI features to enhance engagement, build trust, and drive sales in digital marketplaces. This research contributes to theory by integrating AI technologies with behavioral models and offers practical insights for marketers aiming to optimize AI-based consumer interfaces.

In today’s fast-paced and emotionally demanding academic environment, student resilience has become a key factor in shaping long-term success. This paper introduces a conceptual framework that brings together four core pillars—Multiple Intelligences (MI), Academic Mentoring, Psychological Well-Being, and AI-Driven Digital Support—to build resilience in higher education. Drawing from established theory and the authors' prior research, the framework explores how these elements interact to support students not only emotionally but also academically. The argument is that when students are cognitively engaged, emotionally supported, and digitally empowered, they’re more likely to thrive. While academic performance is not the primary focus, it emerges as a natural consequence of resilience. This model offers a practical guide for educators and policymakers aiming to create more inclusive, adaptive, and future-ready institutions.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) uses technology to generate machines with thinking, learning and behaviour abilities comparable to those of humans. AI systems now recognize various patterns and draws the conclusions from the data. The relationship between AI Infrastructure Readiness (AIR), Adoption of AI in Decision-Making (AIDM), and Efficiency of AI Adoption (EAA) within enterprises is observed in this study, accompanied by how AI is shifting economies, societies, and people's lives around the world. Research Methodology: In this quantitative study, 174 respondent’s data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. To make sure wide-ranging coverage, the sample consists of research participants from a variety of industries.    In order to measure how AI Infrastructure Readiness (AIR) and Adoption of AI in Decision-Making (AIDM) affects Efficiency of AI Adoption (EAA), regression analysis is done using R Studio. Results: The outcome confirms a strong positive association, proposing that both factors significantly enhance the effectiveness of AI adoption. Together with these important factors, the research methodology (RM) also comprises a thorough check of demographic factors including age, gender, education, income, and occupation. These factors give the study context and improve the interpretation of the findings.  The study centres mainly on how artificial intelligence could change economies, civilizations, and human lives - not just in affluent countries, but also worldwide.  Findings of the study: The study's outcomes imply that in order to capitalize on the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence adoption, enterprises should emphasize on enhancing Artificial Intelligence infrastructure and integrating Artificial Intelligence into decision-making procedures. This study adds significant knowledge to the topic of Artificial Intelligence adoption and provides real suggestions for businesses looking to leverage Artificial Intelligence technologies successfully. In order to better understand Artificial Intelligence adoption in various settings, next phase of research could take account of additional aspects, longitudinal studies, and cross-industry comparisons.

This comprehensive analysis delves into the intricate web of creative accounting and its profound implications on financial reporting and corporate responsibility, with a specific focus on earnings manipulation within corporate accounts. In response to creative accounting, regulators and accounting standards boards have instituted stringent rules and regulations to promote transparency and comparability in financial reporting. Engaging in creative accounting practices erodes corporate responsibility, jeopardizes reputations, and shatters trust among stakeholders. The study illuminates the long-term repercussions of creative accounting, emphasizing the inherent risks it poses. Stakeholders, from shareholders to employees and creditors, are affected by creative accounting's deceptive financial statements. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the impact of creative accounting, emphasizing its implications for financial reporting and the imperative of upholding corporate responsibility.

This study investigates the impact of succession planning practices on the performance of third-generation family businesses. The research addresses critical gaps in understanding how different succession strategies—formal plans, in-house training, mentoring, and external consulting—affect business outcomes. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey of 455 participants across various family businesses, the study employs quantitative methods to analyze the relationship between succession planning practices and business performance metrics, including revenue growth and stability. Major findings reveal that formal succession plans are positively associated with improved business performance. Additionally, in-house training and mentoring programs are found to be particularly effective, while the impact of external consultants varies. The study concludes that an integrated approach, combining formal plans with training and mentoring, enhances business success. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive succession planning strategies in ensuring long-term business continuity and stability in third-generation family enterprises.

In the context of increasing environmental concerns and the growing demand for sustainable business practices, reverse logistics (RL) has emerged as a strategic tool within the apparel supply chain. This study explores the key drivers that influence the adoption and implementation of reverse logistics in the sustainable apparel sector, with particular attention to the Brazilian market. Through an extensive review of literature and industry practices, the research identifies five primary drivers—regulatory and legislative factors, strategic and economic considerations, operational and structural elements, environmental sustainability priorities, and technological innovations. The findings suggest that while compliance and cost-efficiency are significant motivators, the integration of advanced technologies and closed-loop supply chain models can further enhance the environmental and economic performance of apparel businesses. The study highlights the need for a holistic approach to reverse logistics, incorporating both environmental and social sustainability perspectives to foster a circular economy. The insights offered contribute to better decision-making among stakeholders aiming to align their operations with global sustainability goals.

Today we see AI companies and startups are proliferating world over, AI technology has a promising future and has become part of our daily lives, however the ethical risks associated with AI products and services however have sparked debate amongst the industry, organizations, developers and policy makers. This paper is an attempt to understand the prominent AI ethics guidelines that the organizations and their development team needs to keep in mind throughout the AI lifecycle. This paper uncovers through recent policy documents and academic literature the expectation and challenges faced by the business firms with respect to frameworks, tools and resources available while addressing the ethical issues and concerns of AI Business practice. This review study has examined 5 global guidelines highlighting the major AI ethics principles and 24 academic articles have given insights into how firms wish to strike a balance between their business goals and ethical responsibilities by including long-term social impact measures alongside short-term performance indicators.

The PM SVANidhi Yojana was launched to provide collateral-free microcredit to street vendors, aiming to enhance their financial inclusion and economic self-sufficiency. This study examines the scheme’s impact on the income levels, financial access, and business growth of street vendors in Indore through a descriptive research design using a primary data survey of 100 vendors. The findings indicate a significant increase in daily income, improved access to formal credit, and a shift towards digital transactions, reducing dependence on informal moneylenders. The statistical analysis, including paired t-tests and chi-square tests, confirms the scheme’s effectiveness in fostering entrepreneurial growth and financial stability. However, challenges such as low awareness and digital literacy gaps persist, highlighting the need for enhanced financial literacy programs and simplified loan processes. Overall, the study concludes that PM SVANidhi has played a transformative role in empowering street vendors and integrating them into the formal financial system, contributing to inclusive economic development.

Present investigation is focused on the “Preclinical evaluation of antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract Tribulus terrestris fruits and n- butanol fractions of ethanolic extract of Tribulus terrestri fruits (NETT) were evaluated for antidepressant activity using in laboratory animals using different preclinical models of antidepressant activity such as forced swim test, tail suspension test and spontaneous locomotor activity. The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the phytoconstituents present in the extracts. Ethanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris fruits (ETT) showed the presence of steroids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids. n-butanol fractions of ethanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris fruits (NETT) were subjected to the High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) studies Ethanolic extract of Tribulus terrestri fruits (NETT) and their fractions showed potent antidepressant activity. The multistep putative action of these plants may be attributed to the prominent phytoconstituents namely 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one from n-butanol fractions of ethanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris fruits (NETT).  As a result of these studies two different phytoconstituents were isolated i.e., 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one from n-butanol fractions of ethanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris fruits (NETT). The isolation of these phytoconstituents is an important concluding result of the study and cardioprotective activity of the extracts may be attributed to these Phytoconstituents.

The current study conducted a systematic literature review of 41 studies on sustainable fashion product purchase intention and behaviour covering the period from 2007 to 2024. The study has employed the Theory- Context-Characteristics-Methods (T-C-C-M) framework as the basis for the review. The study explored factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention towards sustainable fashion products. This study will help the Government, policymakers and marketers in designing and implementing strategies to encourage sustainable fashion product purchasing and sustainable consumerism

This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM), with a particular focus on recruitment processes across both traditional corporate settings and niche industries such as agribusiness and allied fields. As organizations increasingly adopt AI for job advertisements, candidate searches, and talent acquisition, AI-driven tools powered by advanced algorithms are enhancing the precision of recruitment, streamlining candidate screening, and optimizing selection procedures. The paper examines the substantial benefits of AI, such as improving efficiency and reducing biases, while also addressing key ethical concerns related to data transparency, algorithmic discrimination, and the reliability of AI-driven decisions. Drawing on scholarly literature, the study provides an in-depth understanding of AI's impact on recruitment practices, emphasizing its potential to improve candidate sourcing, reduce hiring time, and refine decision-making. It also considers the unique implications of AI in industries like agribusiness and allied fields, where sector-specific challenges and opportunities emerge. Furthermore, the research investigates the perspectives of recruiters and candidates, assessing whether AI can effectively mitigate bias, promote diversity, and enhance the hiring experience. The study also evaluates the limitations of current AI models and proposes frameworks to ensure transparency, accountability, and ethical decision-making in AI-assisted recruitment. Ultimately, the paper contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the future of AI in HRM, stressing the importance of balancing AI’s capabilities with ethical integrity and fairness in its application across various industries, including specialized sectors like agribusiness.

The fashion industry has seen a growing trend of secondhand clothing and resale market where pre-owned clothing is bought and sold via various channels such as community swaps, online marketplaces like ThredUp, Depop, and Poshmark, thrift stores, and consignment businesses. The second-hand market and the expanding sustainable fashion practice are reactions to the fast fashion system. Fast fashion's rising appeal has led to unsustainable consequences, including overproduction and overconsumption.  Thus, the best ways to promote sustainability in fashion are through cooperative consumption and prolonging the life of garments. A circular economy must be established, which entails producing long-lasting, recyclable, and reusable products. Thereby leading to the growth of secondhand garments. Previous researches have established the motivational factors for the adoption of Second-hand clothing. This research aims to establish the non-adoption factors for second-hand clothing and also establish the contribution of second-hand clothing in developing the circular economy.

The Augmented Reality Interactive Technology (ARIT) enabled fashion shopping market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Fashion brands are investing in ARIT devices in-store and enabling AR experiences in their online stores to engage customers. ARIT devices provide augmentation, interactivity, and utilitarian functions, impacting ARIT adoption. This paper investigates how customers can be motivated to invest their resources, viz., time, money, and effort, to engage in ARIT-enabled shopping of fashion goods. The paper also studies how this growth in ARIT-enabled fashion shopping can drive customer co-creation and, in turn, drive innovation and sustainability. Bibliometric analysis is used to study approximately 1000 papers in customer engagement and ARIT and provide answers. The findings from the bibliometrics are presented as research propositions for future research and as guidance to fashion industry practitioners on how ARIT can be best deployed to enhance customer engagement and, hence, business growth. Multiple theories and frameworks are studied, viz., service-dominant logic enabled customer engagement, diffusion of innovation, TPB, TRA, sustainable consumption, open innovation, and social exchange theory. Novel theoretical associations that impact customer resource investment and sustainable consumption outcomes are also proposed.

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector forms the backbone of the Indian economy, contributing significantly to employment generation, GDP, and exports. This study employs a mixed method approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data gathered from primary and secondary sources to analyze the challenges and opportunities within the MSME financing landscape. Despite its importance, the sector is marred by a persistent credit gap, severely limiting its growth potential. This paper investigates the current credit ecosystem for MSMEs in India, with a focus on credit trends, challenges, and government initiatives. Using data collected through government reports, banking sector statistics, and industry surveys, the study identifies key constraints such as collateral requirements, underwriting inefficiencies, and the disproportionate allocation of credit. The government has implemented several initiatives, including CGTMSE, MUDRA Yojana, and Stand up India, aimed at easing financial access for MSMEs. However, data analysis reveals that micro enterprises still face considerable barriers in obtaining substantial credit. Growth in loan disbursement is largely confined to tier 3 and tier 4 cities, with minimal reform in risk assessment frameworks. This paper concludes with strategic recommendations including the adoption of alternative credit scoring methods, increased financial literacy among MSMEs, and focused outreach programs in underserved regions. By bridging the prevailing credit gap, MSMEs can be better positioned to fulfill their potential as engines of inclusive and sustainable economic development in India.

Purpose -This study seeks to undertake a rigorous systematic literature review combined with a bibliometric analysis to explore the key determinants of work-related stress among gig workers, specifically emphasising the food delivery sector. It further examines the impact of stressors on job performance and psychological well-being along with creating a link to the interconnections among these variables and pinpoints potential areas for future research within the domain. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using Scopus data from 2000 to 2024, encompassing 151 publications and 354 documents authored by 159 researchers from 67 countries as a whole. The annual publication trends revealed a marked increase after 2018, peaking in the early 2020s, reflecting the renewed academic focus on gig work stress in these years. Findings -The co-citation analysis of journals identified distinct clusters centred on occupational health, psychology, and public health, reinforcing the interdisciplinary nature of research on gig work stress. Foundational texts and high-impact journals were identified as critical reference points, that reflect the research community's concentrated consideration to examine several effects of work stress within the gig economy. The findings underscore a persistent and growing scholarly engagement with the subject, emphasising its significance to workplace well-being, public health, and broader social science inquiries. Originality /Value The present study is unique in its comprehensive approach to examining the topic of the Digital workforce from all pertinent perspectives, making a compelling case for its unique and thorough exploration of the subject.

This research paper examines the leadership, governance approach, and cultural contributions of Himanta Biswa Sarma, the Chief Minister of Assam. Through critical analysis of his policy initiatives, administrative reforms, and political strategies, this study positions Sarma as a transformative leader with significant impact on Assam's socio-economic landscape and cultural preservation. The paper specifically explores his contributions to indigenous communities, tribal populations, and Assamese cultural heritage, while evaluating his emergence as a political figure of national significance. Sarma's governance model demonstrates a successful synthesis of development priorities with cultural preservation, establishing a framework that addresses the unique challenges of Northeast India while aligning with broader national objectives

This research paper examines the leadership trajectory, governance model, and political impact of Hemanta Biswa Sarma, with particular focus on his tenure as the Chief Minister of Assam. Through rigorous analysis of his policy initiatives, administrative reforms, and political acumen, this study establishes Sarma as an exemplar of assertive and transformative leadership in contemporary Indian politics. The paper investigates the factors contributing to his political ascendancy, the distinctive features of his governance framework, and his potential emergence as a significant figure in national politics. Drawing on governance metrics, public perception indices, and comparative analysis with other regional leaders, this research positions Sarma as a formidable candidate with the requisite leadership qualities for higher political offices, including that of the Prime Minister. The findings suggest that Sarma's integration of development-focused governance, cultural sensitivity, and strategic political maneuvering represents an evolving paradigm in Indian political leadership worthy of scholarly attention

Anthropogenic activities have distorted the sensitive ecological equilibrium of Earth, and finding an urgent solution to the problem without disturbing the financial landscape has become pertinent. Islamic sanctity to financial trepidations necessitates the quintessential cushion whereby a balance between development, ecology, and economy can be attained amidst a religious backdrop. Green Sukuk or green bonds is one such Shariah-based financial solution aimed at eco-centric sustainability, which strikes a chord with monetary investments that are in sync with the natural environment. The objective of this conceptual paper is to intertwine & align the spectrum of contextual underpinnings of Green Sukuk, ranging from its financial conceptualization to its contribution in the attainment of SDGs by tracing the path of Islamic sentiments of the community. The mixed qualitative treatment of literature applying conceptual framework analysis and grounded theory, and the usage of a systematic data mining technique facilitated in arrival at inductive inferences. The paper heralds a knowledge dissemination approach for ecological economists, green strategists, environmental financiers & investors, and all the stakeholders of the society whose advocacy is centered on the 3Ps-People, Planet, and Prosperity

This case study explores the digital transformation of religious events, focusing on how technology has reshaped traditional practices, rituals, and community engagement. It examines the integration of digital tools, such as live streaming, virtual participation, mobile applications, and social media, into religious gatherings. Through a detailed analysis of case examples from diverse religious contexts, the study highlights the benefits and challenges associated with digitalization, including expanded accessibility, increased reach, and the preservation of cultural traditions in the face of modern technological pressures. It also discusses the implications for faith-based communities, leadership, and spiritual experiences, offering insights into the future of religious events in an increasingly digital world. The findings suggest that while digital transformation can enhance the inclusivity and relevance of religious events, it also necessitates careful consideration of authenticity, privacy, and the potential loss of personal connections in virtual spaces.

The current study is an attempt to discover the impact of social influence and digital literacy on digital banking adoption by rural customers. Particularly, it seeks to examine the relationship between the behavioral intention and social Influence & digital literacy. The data for this study consists of rural customers from Haryana. The data has been analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that in rural areas social influence, familiarity, and trust are important factors in determining how people view and feel about digital banking services. Adoption is further hindered by issues with infrastructure and technical skills, with digital literacy and accessibility emerging as significant variables. An understanding of the rural customer intention to use digital banking is essential both for economists studying the growth of the economy associated with rural population and for the creators of such technologies. From this perspective, understanding the factors that led the customer to approach the bank through offline mode as well as what are the factors that are leading the customer not to visit the bank physically, becomes highly relevant for policy making about digital banking. Hence this paper contributes to the empirical literature, particularly digital banking in a developing country, i.e. India.

The integration of Machine Intelligence (MI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in asset management and evaluation has transformed traditional approaches in the financial industry, fostering more efficient and data-driven decision-making. MI and AI enhance asset management by improving predictive accuracy, optimizing portfolios, and lowering operational costs. Techniques such as natural language processing (NLP), deep learning, and reinforcement learning facilitate asset price prediction, risk assessment, and compliance monitoring, offering firms a competitive advantage. Furthermore, the synergy of blockchain with AI increases transparency and security in asset valuation, building investor confidence. This paper explores the roles of MI and AI in predictive analytics, market sentiment analysis, and compliance in asset management, highlighting emerging methods and challenges while underscoring the transformative potential of AI-driven asset management in dynamic markets.

In the fiercely competitive educational landscape of Mumbai, a robust online brand presence is not a luxury but a necessity for higher education institutions. This paper explores key strategies for these institutions to effectively leverage digital platforms to attract top talent, enhance their reputation, and achieve sustained success. It highlights how important it is to have a user-friendly website, a vibrant social media presence, and an all-encompassing content marketing plan. Furthermore, it delves into the significance of a seamless online admissions process, fostering online community, and leveraging data analytics to optimize online brand building efforts. By effectively implementing these strategies, organizations can enhance their visibility, attract a wider audience, and establish a strong brand identity. The function of content marketing is crucial. It is crucial to produce excellent, captivating content, such as blog entries, films, and case studies, that highlights the institute's distinctive value proposition, faculty specialization, and student success stories. Reaching and interacting with potential students, alumni, and business partners requires the use of social media marketing. The idea is to launch focused advertisements, actively participate in pertinent channels, and cultivate meaningful online interactions. In order to raise the institute's website's organic traffic and search engine and keyword rankings, SEO is essential. Increasing a website's search engine exposure requires optimizing its content, using pertinent keywords, posting guest posts on relevant portals, and constructing high-quality backlinks. Effectively monitoring and responding to online reviews and feedback requires online reputation management, maintaining a favourable online reputation. Finally, Affiliate marketing is the game-changing strategy Institutions of higher learning with embracing vision, mission and values require within institutions to reach fresh audiences, attract top-tier students, and hit enrolment targets. Implementing these strategies will allow Mumbai's higher education institutions to shine online and stay ahead in the fiercely competitive education landscape.

Finance startups are at the forefront of the digital revolution in the financial services industry. These startups face unique challenges due to the fast-paced and competitive nature of the sector, along with the ever-changing regulatory environment. For these startups, the flexibility of Information Systems (IS) is a key enabler for achieving operational efficiency. A flexible IS allows finance startups to adapt to new technologies, market demands, and regulatory changes while optimizing their internal processes. This paper explores how the flexibility of IS impacts the operational efficiency of finance startups, focusing on automation, integration, scalability, and responsiveness to changing business needs.

Digital transformation incorporates digital technology into various aspects of a business to provide new value to customers and spur the company’s growth. It changes the way firms operate. Through digital transformation, businesses enhance their efficiency, coordination, flexibility, and response time. McDonald's is the world's largest fast-food restaurant chain. It has embraced digital transformation to enhance sales through customer satisfaction. The study gauged the influence of digitalized services offered by McDonald’s on consumers' satisfaction with Mumbai Suburban. The study was descriptive and inferential. Snowball sampling was adopted. Data were gathered through secondary and primary sources. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The study found that digital convenience, digital experience, digital reliability and services positively influenced consumer satisfaction. However, the level of influence varied. Digital convenience had a strong influence, digital experience had a moderate influence, and digital reliability and services had a weak positive influence on consumer satisfaction.

In today’s hyper-competitive processed food industry, packaging has evolved from being a functional necessity to a strategic communication tool that significantly influences consumer perceptions and purchase decisions. This study explores the impact of packaging on the purchase of processed food, with a focus on consumer trust, emotional response, and information clarity. Drawing from behavioural theories and empirical analysis, the research assesses how elements such as packaging design, brand claims, nutritional labelling, and regulatory trust affect long-term consumer engagement. Using a structured questionnaire distributed among 392 respondents from urban Mumbai, the study analyses demographic variables, packaging importance, and consumer scepticism toward health claims. Statistical methods including ANOVA and regression analysis reveal that packaging is a crucial factor in consumer decision-making, especially among females, higher-income, and more educated groups. Notably, claims such as “100% natural” and “low fat” are met with increasing doubt, and packaging aesthetics are considered less influential than nutritional transparency and expiry clarity. The findings underscore the necessity for brands to adopt transparent, informative, and regulation-compliant packaging practices to build and retain consumer trust. Recommendations include emphasizing key informational attributes, aligning design with target demographics, and enhancing credibility through honest communication. The study provides insights that can assist marketers, regulators, and policymakers in designing packaging that promotes ethical marketing while empowering consumer decision-making.

The digital transformation of education now serves as the fundamental process for improving student experiences particularly within the rising Indian EdTech sector. The research analyzes how digital tools together with teacher support influence student engagement behaviors. The research evaluates artificial intelligence alongside gamification and data analytics in educational environments and analyzes their effect on learning through cognitive and emotional and behavioral interactions of students. A mixed-methods investigation combines data collection from Indian EdTech platform instructors alongside learner participants. The research shows that digital tools provide accessibility benefits to learners but require teacher involvement to build trust and motivate and sustain engagement patterns. Teacher assistance controls digital tool results through its ability to offer individualized emotional support. The focus applies to develop curricula alongside faculty profession advancement through educational reforms aimed at sustaining a student-led teaching-learning framework.

Mythology has many great warriors and leaders, may it be Greek, Roman or Indian. Leaders of par excellence were born and set standards and lessons to all ages at greater horizons. New age leaders need to explore a lot from their lives. So an attempt is made to explore the contrasting virtues of Mars and Minerva, two powerful deities in Roman mythology, and how their harmonious interplay can offer valuable insights for modern leaders seeking a balanced approach to leadership. The article suggests that successful leaders must possess both resilience and strategic acumen, and the harmonious interplay of Mars's strength and `Minerva’s wisdom that creates a powerful combination. By embracing the strength of Mars and the wisdom of Minerva, leaders can navigate challenges with resilience, make informed decisions, and foster a culture of collaboration. This symbiotic relationship between Mars and Minerva offers a timeless blueprint for leadership, inspiring leaders to achieve greatness while ensuring sustainable success in the complex and dynamic world of leadership. Overall, it highlights the importance of a balanced approach to leadership, where leaders can draw inspiration from both Mars and Minerva to create a potent blend of qualities that can guide their teams towards success

The research examines the impact of organizational culture on employee engagement in multiplex theatres within the Kalyan region. Organizational culture refers to the prevailing values, beliefs, norms, practices, and behaviour within an organization. This study aims to examine employee engagement, organizational culture, and the effect of culture on employee engagement. A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 100 samples. The data analysis employed tools such as pie charts, bar graphs, and statistical methods like ANOVA, correlation, and regression. The findings suggest that employees are more engaged in their jobs due to the prevailing culture at their workplace

The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a flagship program of the Government of India, aims to universalize elementary education by improving access, equity, and quality of education. This study examines community perceptions of the quality of education provided under the SSA initiative, focusing on their awareness of the programs, satisfaction with the quality of education, and challenges in its implementation. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, incorporating surveys and discussions with teachers and local stakeholders across various regions. The findings provide insights into the community's expectations, the perceived impact of SSA on student learning outcomes, and the role of infrastructural and pedagogical support in shaping their views. Based on these perceptions, the study highlights key recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of SSA, ensuring its alignment with the educational aspirations of the community.

Social media has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of political campaigns and elections worldwide. Since 2012, the role of platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube has expanded from forms of communication to key strategic battlegrounds that influence election outcomes. This paper explores the relationship between social media and elections by analyzing elections from across the world. This paper analyses trends in campaign expenditure, innovative digital strategies, and the role of data-driven targeting in shaping voter behavior. Additionally, it examines instances of potential interference by social media companies, investigating claims of political prejudice and favoritism, and algorithmic bias. Drawing on news articles and academic research, this study identifies patterns across elections in diverse regions, from the United States to emerging democracies. The findings highlight the urgent need for transparency, regulation, and ethical standards to balance the power of social media in electoral processes.

This paper examines the transformative role of technology in global feminist movements in India.  The way feminist activism is conducted is revolutionised by the advent of digital technologies and online platforms.  It is providing new avenues for women to challenge entrenched gender stereotypes and systemic inequalities. The main characteristics of inclusivity and intersectionality of Digital feminism, has created a space where diverse and multiples voices and experiences can be heard and shared, fostering a sense of unity and community among women worldwide. In India, digital feminism has emerged as one of the most powerful tools for social change. Internet and social media have become increasingly accessible and thus enabled Indian women to raise support, awareness and advocate their rights in an unimaginable size.  Critical issues such as gender-based violence, workplace discrimination and societal expectations are easily highlighted through online campaigns, hashtags, and digital storytelling. The digital platforms are not only working as a highlighting tool but also allowing Indian women to facilitate global networking, thus enabling them to engage and learn from feminist movements around the world.  Every coin has two sides, the rise of digital feminism also has to face challenges. While offering a powerful means of activism, it also can be an insular, reactive and myopic in terms of the responses when compared to offline movements. Sometimes only certain perspectives are validated, and thus potentially marginalising other important issues.  Online harassment and trolling also act as significant barrier through which digital feminist has to navigate. The paper also identifies various research gaps that need to be addressed to further understand the digital feminism. Many studies do not explicitly describe their methodologies, which highlights the need for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method approaches used to study digital feminism. There is also a need for more research on how various intersecting identities, such as caste, class, sexuality, and disability, are represented and engaged within digital feminist movements. Furthermore, the long-term impact of digital feminist activism on societal norms and policies remains underexplored. Comparative studies between digital and offline feminist movements could also provide valuable insights about the strengths and limitations of both the approaches.  A detailed understanding and a strategic approach will help to reduce the challenges of online harassments, digital divide, trolling and such other things. Research on the nature and impact of transnational connections in digital feminism could shed light on how digital feminists collaborate with international movements. In conclusion, a significant social change can be witnessed through digital feminism, which represents a dynamic and evolving form of activism. Feminists are challenging patriarchal structures and advocating inclusive and equitable society by leveraging digital technologies and platforms. The continued growth and development of digital feminism will depend on the ability to navigate its challenges and harness its potential for positive impact. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on digital feminism by highlighting its transformative potential, identifying its challenges, and suggesting areas for future research.

Single motherhood in India has historically been stigmatized due to traditional family structures and societal expectations. However, in recent years due to growing education and awareness of changing social structures and evolving relationships, there has been a paradigm shift in the perception and role of single mothers. This paper explores the factors that are contributing to the rising number of single mothers, their challenges, and the socio-economic and legal frameworks that impact their lives. The study also highlights the evolving narrative around single motherhood and the increasing support systems available in contemporary Indian society both at the family and the governmental level.

A low glycemic index (GI) diet is crucial for managing diabetes. Such diets emphasize whole foods, fresh vegetables, and reduced sugar and refined products, helping to maintain balanced blood sugar levels. Foods rich in fiber and non-nutritive sweeteners are recommended to stabilize glucose levels and improve overall health. Low glycemic index foods, high in fiber and containing non-nutritive sweeteners, are recommended for diabetics to help regulate blood glucose levels (Gray & Threlkeld 2000). Fiber not only aids in better glucose tolerance but also reduces insulin needs, promotes feelings of fullness, and can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels (Augustin et al. 2015). Fiber enhances glucose control, reduces insulin needs, promotes satiety, and lowers cholesterol and triglycerides. Sugar-free biscuits, like digestive and Patanjali varieties, offer diabetics a sweet alternative without raising blood sugar, making them a beneficial addition to their diet. This paper explores the benefits of sugar-free biscuits and highlights popular brands in India, helping diabetics make informed dietary choices and also understanding the customer consumer behaviour towards sugar-free biscuits.

Social media's dynamic nature causing numerous problems in utilizing it as an effective marketing communication platform. A lot of businesses are spending money on their social media presence. However, it is believed that brand image is a potent tool for giving a firm a long-term competitive edge. Keeping that in mind the possible impacts of SMM on BI was examined. Data was collected from 200 Delhi NCR respondents with the help of questionnaire, descriptive and Regression analysis was used to identify the key elements that go into creating a positive brand image through SMM. Results says SMM positively affects BI, second in the absence of BI, SMM is influenced by Price line, Variety of products, New and innovative items, further SMM is impacted by Reliability of Ads, Honesty of Ads and Confidence in sharing sensitive information and Brand Image in presence of social media marketing is impacted by its own factors namely Price Line and Variety of Products. As per the final conclusion Social Media market affects Brand Image, but pricing and product diversity are the main elements that create a business's identity. This study will be helpful for the Government, researchers, policy makers, Companies and other interested parties.

An important component of India's administrative structure, the Indian Ombudsman has been the focus of intense discussion and investigation. Jurisprudential traditions examine the legal scope and limitations of the ombudsman's authority to investigate and prosecute active judicial officers. The study investigates whether judges are immune from the Ombudsman's authority due to their judicial independence or whether accountability procedures can hold them to the same standards as other public servants. Since India's independence, the Lokpal and Lokayuktas have served as the ombudsman, addressing the need for strong accountability in the country's administrative structure. However, their successful implementation has been hampered by ongoing flaws in the administrative machinery. The study also compares the ombudsman model in other nations, looking at the institutional and legal subtleties that have influenced its development around the world. Finding shortcomings in India's current administrative structure with regard to the Ombudsman and suggesting ways to improve its institutional establishment are the main goals. The study also identifies structural distinctions between the administrative systems of the United States, the United Kingdom, and India.

Objectives A modern workplace integration of Workplace Spirituality (WPS) and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has recently attracted much attention since it may be used to improve organizational culture, employee well-being, and performance. In the current study, the overlap of WPS and OCB over the last ten years, from 2010 to 2024, was reviewed to establish emerging trends and gaps. Methods A systematic literature review (SLR) method used in this study discusses how these two concepts have evolved and their importance in modern organizations based on an analysis of 72 relevant articles published in selected journals. Results It is evident that incorporation of WPS into OCB tends to result in enhanced employee engagement, higher organizational commitment levels, and greater mutual connections between employees. WPS also builds meaning and work purpose, giving employees a rationale to engage in OCB, thus contributing toward a positive organizational environment and ultimately organizational effectiveness. However, in the study it has also marked some gaps where there is scope for empirical investigation in non-western contexts with the exploration of mediating variables between WPS and OCB. Conclusions This study suggest more study in other organizational settings by incorporating qualitative as well as quantitative research approaches to comprehend the intricate interaction between WPS and OCB. Also, a need for further research in how these constructs impact long-term organizational outcomes like productivity, retention, and innovation. The WPS and OCB integration systematic review changes the landscape, and ideas presented and that future exploration could deepen our understanding of these core concepts.

The present study aims to examine the impact of internet technologies and modern learning innovation of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University Library, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh. It is necessary to examine the impact of internet technology on Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University Library services. In this context, the survey method was used in this study. Questionnaire tool was used to collect data from the under graduate students, post graduate students and the doctoral research scholars. 150 questionnaires were distributed to the student respondents following accidental sampling method. Out of them, 145 student respondents returned the duly fulfilled questionnaire accounting 96.67 percent response. There are more than fifty-two (~52.41) percent of the male respondents and the remaining more than forty-seven (~47.59) percent of the respondents are female. There are above forty-three (~43.45) percent of the respondents are in Under Graduate Students, followed by more than thirty-seven (~37.24) percent of the respondents are in Post Graduate Students and the remaining nineteen percent (~19.31) are Doctoral Students in the research study. There are more than ninety-one (~91.72) percent of the respondent’s opinion about internet self-efficacy on ‘I feel confident in using the Internet to find needed information’, followed by more than eighty-eight (~88.28) percent of the respondent’s opinion about internet self-efficacy on ‘I feel confident in using the Internet to solve practical problems. There are more than eighty-two (~82.07) percent of the respondent’s opinion about perceived ease of use on ‘Learning to operate the Internet would be easy for me’, followed by more than seventy-nine (~79.31) percent of the respondent’s opinion about perceived ease of use on ‘I would find it easy to get the Internet to do what I want it to do’. The impact of using internet technology, there are more than ninety-one (~91.03) percent of the respondents says that ‘I find using the Internet to be enjoyable’, followed by more than eighty-eight (~88.97) percent of the respondents says that ‘The actual process of using the Internet is pleasant’.

This case study explores the potential demand for EV charging station (CS) infrastructure as well as its difficulties in the context of Mumbai. With a surge in privatization, liberalization, and the expansion of distributed and renewable energy sources. Finding charging stations for electric vehicles is a significant problem for drivers that calls for the development of a network of smart charging infrastructure. To ensure EV adoption and to address some of the inherent risks, such as battery cost and degradation, economic risks, lack of charging infrastructure, risky maintenance of EVs, problems with its integration in the smart grid, range anxiety, auxiliary loads, and motorist attitude, it is crucial to choose the location for installing charging stations.

This research study explores customer satisfaction within Indian online clothing stores, capturing pivotal insights into user demographics, preferences, and challenges faced while shopping online. Analyzing a diverse respondent pool, the findings reveal that a significant portion of online shoppers (40%) fall within the 25-34 age bracket, with females constituting 57.3% of this demographic. Preference rankings indicated Ajio as the favoured platform, although concerns were raised regarding its customer support services.  A staggering 84.5% of users reported difficulties during their online shopping experiences, with the most common issues including size and fit inconsistencies, limited payment options, security apprehensions, and the inability to physically inspect items prior to purchasing. The study further underscores urgent areas for improvement: enhancing delivery performance, bolstering customer support, and implementing robust security measures are crucial for elevating user satisfaction. Participants suggested several actionable improvements, such as providing detailed sizing information, developing virtual try-on features, streamlining the checkout process, and fostering an environment of transparent pricing. The insights gathered emphasize the need for retailers to actively engage with customer feedback to iterate and refine their online shopping offerings. Ensuring a user-centric approach can significantly enhance customer trust and satisfaction within the rapidly evolving Indian e-commerce landscape. By prioritizing improvements in critical areas, retailers stand to benefit from increased customer loyalty and an overall enriched shopping experience, ultimately driving growth in the competitive online clothing market.

Federalism by design has been evidently used as a conflict resolution model in majorly divided societies. But the existing literature which brings ethnicity, identity and federalism together, remains fragmented and in need of a synthesizing outlook. In this systematic review we attempt to summarize and present the literature where identity is studied with respect to federal structures in studies related to social research. The rationale is to understand the nature of existing literature in this evolving field, and develop a nuanced understanding of federalism as a conflict resolution tool in the field of social research. We have identified 45 studies on this front from a post 2020 temporal placing, to study the contemporary case studies relevant for this review paper. We conclude the systematic review, by proposing a need to adopt more comparative designs to clearly conceptualize the causal relations between federalism and identity within multi-polar societies, and explore more policy relevant observations to guide further studies and conflict resolution strategies in social research.

Organizations in the digital transformation age implement big data technology for marketing strategy innovation because of its ability to drive breakthroughs in the field. The paper studies how big data abilities help strategic marketing management through data-based choices that lead to better customer retention and strengthened brand image while penetrating target markets. The study presents evidence about big data's contribution to boosting product placement performance and developing pricing plans and marketing initiatives by examining present academic works and real-world examples. Researchers found that complete implementation of big data is hindered by the issues of data privacy alongside problems with infrastructure and a lack of suitable skills. The text presents a data-based structure to achieve successful strategic marketing management within markets that face dynamic competition conditions.

Faculty incivility and learning engagement are examined in this study using locus of control (LOC) as moderator. A survey on 321 college students from Chandigarh (UT), India, was conducted. The data was analyzed using Smart PLS4. By demonstrating locus of control as a moderating factor between faculty incivility and learning engagement, findings supported the predicted hypotheses. Learning engagement was significantly impacted by faculty incivility. Further, LOC has a favorable impact on learning engagement. At low LOC there is highest impact of faculty incivility on learning engagement. However high LOC dampens faculty incivility and learning engagement relationship. Study results sheds light on ways to lessen the detrimental impact of faculty incivility on students’ learning process

This paper aims to explore and outline the various biases that influence investment decisions by reviewing existing research in behavioral finance. It examines the behavioral tendencies of investors, covering studies published from the earliest in 1974 to the most recent in 2019. The reviewed papers are grouped according to different biases, with a particular focus on individual investors. The research identifies seven distinct types of biases. Additionally, the paper incorporates recent studies to offer a succinct summary of the latest advancements in this field. The practical value of this study lies in its ability to provide insights that can benefit individual investors, investment advisors, students, and relevant institutions. A key feature of this paper is that it not only addresses the foundational concepts of behavioral finance but also highlights emerging ideas in the discipline.

Introduction: Commodity trading is integral to the global economy, influenced by a myriad of factors ranging from market sentiment to fundamental economic indicators. Traders utilize various analytical methods to predict price movements, primarily relying on Technical Analysis and Fundamental Analysis. While Technical Analysis employs statistical indicators such as Bollinger Bands, Relative Strength Index (RSI), and Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) to forecast market trends, Fundamental Analysis assesses intrinsic value through economic, financial, and qualitative factors. The effectiveness of these approaches in commodity trading remains a topic of debate, necessitating a comparative evaluation to guide traders in optimizing their strategies. Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Technical Analysis indicators—Bollinger Bands, RSI, and MACD—against fundamental factors in predicting commodity price movements. By evaluating these methodologies within the context of key commodities such as gold, oil, and wheat, the research seeks to determine which analytical approach offers superior predictive accuracy and trading performance. Methods:
A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of historical price data with qualitative insights from commodity traders. Historical data for selected commodities from 2018 to 2023 was sourced from financial databases and commodity exchanges. Technical indicators were calculated using platforms like TradingView, while fundamental factors were gathered from government reports and industry publications. Statistical techniques, including regression analysis and backtesting, were utilized to assess the predictive power of each technical indicator and fundamental factor. Additionally, surveys were conducted with 50 experienced commodity traders to gather qualitative data on their preferences and perceptions regarding Technical and Fundamental Analysis. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed that Bollinger Bands and MACD demonstrated significant predictive capabilities in volatile markets, particularly in oil and gold trading. RSI was effective in identifying potential reversal points in agricultural commodities like wheat. Fundamental factors, including inventory levels and macroeconomic indicators, showed strong correlations with long-term price movements across all studied commodities. Comparative performance metrics indicated that Technical Analysis provided more timely entry and exit signals, enhancing short-term trading performance. In contrast, Fundamental Analysis offered better predictive accuracy for long-term trends. The survey results supported these findings, with a majority of traders endorsing a hybrid approach that integrates both technical indicators and fundamental insights for optimal trading strategies. Conclusion: The study concludes that both Technical and Fundamental Analysis have distinct advantages in commodity trading. Technical indicators such as Bollinger Bands, RSI, and MACD are valuable for short-term trading decisions and capturing market volatility, while fundamental factors are essential for understanding long-term price trends and intrinsic value. A combined approach leveraging the strengths of both methodologies can enhance trading performance and risk management. These findings provide actionable insights for traders seeking to refine their analytical strategies in the dynamic landscape of commodity markets.

The paper considers how inclusive college or university education is in the Netherlands, Romania and Germany. Since there is no policy for their specific support demand and the educational institution can therefore do nothing for such students in Netherlands. This has a major impact on the study opportunities of students with support needs. Similarly in Romania, the number of students with disabilities enrolled in higher education is very low compared to European union average. While Germany has made considerable progress in promoting inclusive higher education for students with disabilities, in line with its commitment to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Acknowledging the diverse needs of individuals with physical, psychological, and chronic impairments, the country has put in place comprehensive policies, infrastructure enhancements, and support systems to ensure equal access to academic opportunities. The paper attempts to give some key recommendations and suggestions for Netherlands and Romania and to adopt best practices from Germany.

This study explores the complicated association among digital platforms and sustainable consumption. As consumption extends beyond material goods to reflect societal values and personal identities, the shift towards sustainable consumption becomes imperative. This study investigates how digital platforms influences this shift by examining domains of sustainable consumption viz. cognitive, affective, and conative. Utilizing a survey of 260 respondents, we analyze how engagement with digital platforms impacts awareness, attitudes, and behaviors towards sustainability. Our findings indicate that digital platforms significantly enhance cognitive and affective aspects of sustainable consumption, though its influence on conative behavior is less pronounced. These results underscore the powerful contribution of digital platforms in determining sustainable consumption practices, offering valuable insights for academics, marketers, and policymakers aiming to promote eco-friendly behaviors in the digital age. Despite challenges such as data volume and ethical considerations, the potential of digital platforms to foster a sustainable mindset is evident, paving the way for future research and practical applications in sustainable development.

Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) has been identified as a pivotal factor influencing employee performance, particularly in high-stress and dynamic work environments. To address existing knowledge gaps, this study examines the impact of emotional intelligence on employee performance across diverse organizational contexts. Objective: The main objective of this research is to contribute to the relationship between emotional intelligence and employee performance by analysing the effect of emotional intelligence on employee performance through the impact of key EI dimensions; namely, self‐awareness, empathy, and self‐regulation to assist in fostering a productive workplace environment and fostering interpersonal relationships among employees. Methodology: Adopting a cross-sectional and descriptive study design, this study utilized a comprehensive survey instrument comprising demographic data, an Emotional Intelligence Scale, and a Job Performance Scale. Data were collected from 400 healthcare professionals was collected. Quantitative analytical methods, including correlation and regression analyses, were employed to uncover relationships and derive insights. Findings: This analysis yielded a major positive correlation between emotional intelligence and employee performance. Workers with higher EI skills showed better interpersonal skills, stress management and decision making. Findings were sector specific where roles that were concerned with customer interaction emphasized social and empathy skills while technical roles focussed on self-regulation and intrinsic motivation. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence significantly enhances employee performance across industries. Tailored training programs designed to develop EI can amplify workplace efficiency, foster leadership capabilities, and improve organizational outcomes. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating EI development into organizational strategies to cultivate a resilient and high-performing workforce.

Behavior is regularly considered random and therefore cannot be generalized. Furthermore, retail purchases are usually made by individuals and are influenced by cultural considerations. This paper aims to identify dangerous incidents in emerging countries such as BRICS. In the broadside, the vital incident approach is applied to capture retail procurement behaviors that produce both effective and futile outcomes. The authors examine the incident with theoretical proof to give an explanation for the end result.This takes a look at is distinctive as it is premised on the voice of retail shopping for behavior to offer an explanation for real-international selection-making with hypothetical resistance from consumer works. To recognize retail store forms and retail customer forms, the reason is to select retail stores and retail store shopping, products preferred by using retail stores, retail product line, and services predicted with the aid of retail customers.These surveys were commissioned and conducted online via unbiased research. Approximately 311 randomly selected customers in the market were surveyed nationwide. The information was collected and weighted to be a consultant to the Indian Census for gender, age and geographic area. A 95 percent self-assessment was used to verify importance.

This study examines the socio-economic impact of the PM SVANidhi Yojana on street vendors in Indore, focusing on key indicators such as income levels, savings, business expansion, digital financial adoption, and loan repayment trends. Utilizing a descriptive research design, primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 100 street vendors. The findings reveal a statistically significant improvement in income and savings, a notable increase in business expansion, greater adoption of digital transactions, and a reduction in loan repayment burdens, highlighting the scheme’s effectiveness in fostering financial inclusion and economic resilience. The results of the t-test confirm a positive and significant impact of the scheme on the socio-economic well-being of beneficiaries, leading to enhanced financial stability and business sustainability. The study recommends further awareness programs, simplified loan access, digital literacy training, and integration of social security benefits to maximize the scheme's effectiveness. These findings underscore the critical role of microfinance initiatives in empowering street vendors and promoting inclusive urban development.

Objectives: This study attempts to perform the extensive literature review of the studies done by the different researchers on the burgeoning subject area of non-performing assets (NPAs) management in the Indian banking sector. It also aims to explore the efficacy of IBC code 2016 in managing NPAs in India. Research Methodology: The present study analyzed and synthesized the research articles in the tabular form. The table analyzed the journal article information in the form of title, authors, publisher with year of publication and details about contents of the article like, objectives, Research Methodology, Findings and Recommendations. Finally it's been attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of this code in resolving banking NPAs issues. Findings: The Banking sector of India has observed tremendous change during the last decade. The foremost challenge for the Indian Government has been the resolving of NPAs. Increased level of advances, poor management policies and rising NPAs level has resulted in the issues among financial institutions, companies and individuals including lenders and borrowers. Increase in the corporate defaults was observed to be the major cause of piling of NPAs in the Banking sector. In the pre IBC 2016 era ROI of Indian banks got drastically affected due to the mounting NPAs levels. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy code has been brought by Indian Government to address the management and hasten up recovery of NPAs in the year 2016.Conclusion and Recommendations: Introduction of IBC 2016 was the need of the hour for managing the spiraling NPAs levels among the Indian banks. It performed an impressive role in the management of NPAs. JEL Codes: G21, G33, G010, G510

Aim – the key motive is to research the prevailing impact of select crude oil prices on the energy uncertainty index of economic uncertainty index on global perspective. Design/Methodology/Approach – in the current research paper, the time series data was collected from the secondary source of information from Federal Reserve Bank and Economic Uncertainty Index. The data was collected on monthly bases from Jan 2005 to Dec 2022. Further the accumulate information is analysed using ADF test, pairwise granger causality, covariance analysis, Johnson cointegration test to determine the cause and effect of crude oil prices on energy uncertainty index. Findings – the study has identified the cause and effect and integration among the crude oil prices and energy uncertainty index. There is stationary among the select variables. The analysis reveals that there is a cause and effect of among Brent prices and energy uncertainty index and there is an impact of Brent prices on energy uncertainty index. Further the WTI crude oil prices also cause and effect on Energy uncertainty index and they are cointegrated in long run. Research Limitation – the study provides a valuable understanding on crude oil price impact on energy uncertainty index. The long run cointegration is also identified using the Johnson cointegration test. Originality – This study is high original contribution to understand the impact, cause and effect of select crude oil prices on energy uncertainty index. The variables definitely be used for the further reference in elaborating the study in terms of crude oil impact in different study area.

Defined from this perspective, this review surfaces how AI augments marketing efforts to generate positive organizational outcomes. To provide an overview of the current research on AI in the transformation of marketing functions, we, adopting PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature review, selected 38 recent papers published in 2018-2024 . Thus the research shows that AI enhances the functioning of marketing communication through enhanced customer addressability, interactional immediacy, and resource utilisation efficiency. However, key issues arising from human interaction, ethical considerations, brand image, and strategic coupling are also highlighted. This review suggests directions for implementing responsible AI in marketing, thus opening further research and development of AI in marketing.

Emotional intelligence immensely impacts sales achievement, swaying communication, relationship cultivation, and decision making abilities. This investigation explores the repercussions of EI upon ICICI Bank’s sales crews' business prosperity, assessing key EI dimensions for instance self-awareness, self-control, inspiration, compassion, and social skills. By employing a mixed-method approach, the review gauges the connection between EI levels and critical performance signs (KPIs) in sales, like new client acquisition, preservation, and revenue generation. The conclusions accentuate the importance of emotional intelligence in propelling sales proficiency, contribution understandings into how EI instruction and progress can enhance sales execution. The study contributes to the growing body of literature regarding sales psychology and organizational conduct, emphasizing the demand for EI-driven strategies in sales administration

The quote seems apt in today’s Big Tech2 sector. Amid multiple hearings, reports, technological developments, legislative changes, etc. the world is still grappling with the repercussions and the scale of these companies’ growth. The challenges posed by the companies to competition law are novel and thus, need an examination of the law itself, including its fundamental principles. One needs to realize that the financing of start-ups who are coming up with innovations is fundamentally different from previous forms of financing. The start-ups, due to the inherent risk, use venture capital financing

The seafood industry has been one of the world’s fastest-growing sectors for many years. Advancement in any sector becomes inevitable, especially in a sector that supplies the world’s protein needs. However, it has a lasting impact on day-to-day living and increases competition in sustainable management. The researchers in the study have evolved the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify and prioritize the key factors that influence the sustainable seafood market. These factors have been evaluated by experiencing a sustainable seafood market. During the evaluation procedure, the AHP was applied to determine the relative weightage of the evaluation criteria. The study results indicate that Quality, Market Branding, User Renunciation, Positioning Strategies and then Freezing Technology which is the most important criteria for a sustainable seafood market to have a significant impact. The out of indicates the highest ranking in User Renunciation among other criteria. The preference for future strategy decision-making procedures helps the stakeholders make effective decisions

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a comprehensive framework aimed at transforming India's education system. Approved by the government of India, it seeks to make education more inclusive, accessible, and equitable, with a strong focus on holistic development. The policy emphasizes the importance of foundational literacy and numeracy, promotes multi-disciplinary learning, and seeks to enhance vocational education and skills. It also introduces significant reforms in curriculum design, teaching methods, and assessment practices to foster critical thinking, creativity, and innovation. The NEP 2020 envisions a more learner-centered approach and strives to make education a tool for national develo pment and global competitiveness.

The United Nations climate change conference, COP 28 (Conference of Paris) was held at Duba, UAE from 30^th November 2023 to 13rd December 2023.  The event registered around 85000 participants which included heads of state, government representatives, civil society representatives, research scholars, students, business community, youth, philanthropists, social entrepreneurs, climate change activists and so on.

COP 28 was remarkable as it concluded global stocktake of the world’s efforts towards actions/decisions on climate change under Paris agreement. Global stocktake is a process through which countries and other stakeholders will assess the collective progress towards goals of climate change action as per Paris agreement. The first global stocktake opined that the progress is very slow and needs rapid action from all stakeholders to accelerate the journey towards achieving goals of Paris agreement. This will require all stakeholders to consider more stringent and effective measures to achieve required standards.

At COP 2026 held at Glasgow, Indian Prime minister announced that India will achieve net zero emission by 2070.  India has also updated its NDC (Nationally determined contributions) in August 2022. According to this emission intensity of GDP has been increased to 45% by 2030 and non-fossil-based energy resources out of total installed capacity is enhanced to 50% by 2030. These targets are very ambitious and will require all stakeholders to aggressively pursue measures to achieve the targets set by the government.

Corporate sector is one of the major players who can contribute towards climate change action. Especially, manufacturing and production units can contribute towards controlling all 3 types of emissions – scope 1, 2 and 3.

In this study, researchers will examine corporate disclosure with reference to GHG/CO2 emissions, energy efficiency and waste management for Nifty Fifty companies. The data will be collected from Bloomberg terminal and analysed sector wise. Appropriate statistical tools will be used to bring out meaningful inferences from the data collected.

This paper examines the strategic role of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in driving corporate growth and competitiveness. M&A transactions allow companies to expand markets, diversify product portfolios, achieve cost efficiencies, and access critical resources such as technology and skilled talent. Despite their potential, failure rates remain high, ranging from 70% to 90%, often due to cultural misalignment, inadequate integration strategies, and poor management execution. The Starbucks-Teavana merger serves as an example of both the opportunities and challenges of M&A, highlighting the importance of effective planning and integration in achieving long-term success. The study finds that Starbucks’ acquisition of Teavana faced challenges due to an overestimated tea market size and a reliance on declining mall-based stores, which hindered long-term success. However, leveraging brand equity and retail distribution channels initially drove revenue growth, highlighting the importance of strategic integration in M&A. This study provides insights into the broader dynamics of M&A and their implications for corporate strategy and market positioning.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing financial decision-making processes, offering unprecedented accuracy, efficiency, and predictive capabilities. This paper explores the extensive integration and implications of AI in financial decision-making contexts such as investment strategies, risk assessment, credit scoring, algorithmic trading, and fraud detection. AI-driven tools, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing (NLP), have empowered financial institutions to harness vast datasets, enhancing predictive accuracy and minimizing human biases. Machine learning algorithms effectively predict market trends, optimize investment portfolios, and enhance risk management frameworks by identifying subtle patterns invisible to traditional analytical methods. Furthermore, deep learning models have significantly improved credit assessment practices by accurately predicting creditworthiness through multidimensional data analysis, thus enabling more inclusive financial services. Algorithmic trading, powered by AI, facilitates high-frequency trading decisions, responding instantaneously to market fluctuations, thereby maximizing profits and reducing transaction costs. Moreover, AI-based NLP technologies contribute significantly by analyzing sentiment data from social media, news sources, and financial reports, providing invaluable insights into market perceptions and investment sentiments. Despite its advantages, the integration of AI in financial decision-making also raises critical concerns, including transparency, ethical implications, algorithmic biases, data security, and regulatory challenges. Ensuring explainability and fairness in AI-driven financial systems is imperative to gain user trust and comply with emerging global regulations. Addressing these concerns requires continuous advancements in AI explainability techniques and the development of comprehensive ethical frameworks guiding AI deployment in finance. This paper provides a detailed examination of current practices, potential challenges, and future prospects for AI in financial decision-making, emphasizing the balance between technological advancement and regulatory adherence. Ultimately, AI promises transformative potential in financial decision-making, fostering more resilient, responsive, and intelligent financial ecosystems.

Social media marketing has been growing rapidly and people are finding social media as a part of their daily life. Social media builds networking skills among people and this is used to spread information with less time and effort. Instagram being one among them has become more popular in recent years. Instagram is also used as a platform where marketing takes place. People are attracted to its features and the platform is gaining more users. Instagram marketers are using this platform as a means to connect with people and are doing businesses that are of great success. In this study, the most popular brand on Instagram, Lakme, has been taken for analysis and has been made empirically. A total of 219 responses have been collected from people using Instagram and regression analysis has been made among the three stages of marketing funnel and brand engagement. This study has found that Lakme has a significant relationship with brand engagement. All three stages, awareness, consideration, and conversion are positively influencing Lakme’s engagement with Instagram users. Future studies can be done including influencers, who are playing a vital role when it comes to Instagram marketing

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting has emerged as a crucial aspect of corporate governance, ensuring transparency and sustainability in business operations. In India, ESG disclosure has been formalized through the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)’s Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) framework, making it mandatory for the top 1000 listed companies by market capitalization from FY 2022-23. Additionally, ESG principles are embedded in various regulations, including the Companies Act, 2013, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) rules, environmental laws, and labor policies. These legal obligations aim to align Indian businesses with global sustainability standards and attract responsible investment. This paper explores the legal framework governing mandatory ESG reporting in India, analyzing key provisions under SEBI’s LODR (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, and the interplay between ESG and corporate governance laws. It further examines management strategies for effective ESG compliance, including board oversight, ESG integration into corporate policies, risk management, and digital tools for sustainability reporting. The role of ESG-linked finance, such as green bonds and sustainable investments, is also discussed. Despite regulatory advancements, challenges such as greenwashing, compliance costs, data standardization, and balancing profitability with sustainability persist. A comparative analysis of India’s ESG framework with global regulatory practices, including those in the United States, European Union, and the United Kingdom, highlights areas for improvement. Through case studies of Indian companies implementing ESG best practices, this paper provides recommendations for strengthening ESG governance, enhancing compliance incentives, and ensuring greater transparency and accountability in corporate ESG disclosures. This study contributes to the evolving discourse on ESG reporting in India and its implications for corporate sustainability and investor confidence.

This study investigates the neuroprotective and partial agonistic effects of PP-43 against rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease using C57BL6/J mice. PP-43 Administration of PP-43 (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) significantly attenuated neurotoxicity by improving behavioural performance and reducing oxidative stress markers. Treated mice exhibited reduced cataleptic behaviour, enhanced motor coordination, and increased locomotor activity. Biochemical analysis revealed that PP-43 elevated dopamine and glutathione levels while decreasing neuroinflammatory markers, including MPO, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, PP-43 minimized lipid peroxidation and acetylcholine dysregulation, preserving neuronal integrity. Histopathological assessments confirmed reduced glial cell congestion and neuronal damage in PP-43-treated groups. While levodopa showed stronger neuroprotective effects, PP-43 effectively alleviated Parkinsonian symptoms and neuroinflammation. Observations of pyknotic nuclei in rotenone-treated mice further indicated dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. These findings suggest that PP-43 holds promise as a neuroprotective agent for Parkinson’s disease, warranting further research to elucidate its precise mechanism and therapeutic potential.

The aim of this paper is to compare the HCM  policies followed in the IT and ITeS  companies in Bangalore and to check if they have an impact on the emotional intelligence of the employees. In this paper we have classified the HCM practices into eight categories and compared them across IT & ITeS industries and studied their impact on the emotional intelligence of the individual ( employee). The eight categories of HCM are Leadership Practices, Knowledge accessibility ,Workforce optimization, Learning capacity, Employee engagement, Relationship with immediate supervisor, Ethical capital and Succession planning. In order to do this study the 8 HCM practices were taken as Independent variables, and the EI was taken as a dependent variable.The study was conducted across 287 respondents (112 from IT and 175 from ITeS). It was revealed that there were certain differences in the relationship between the different HCM practices (stated as HR practices) and the select behavioural variable EI; however, at the end it was revealed that though differences exists, all the hypothesized relationships were  accepted asserting that the existence of relationship. Furthermore, there are no great differences in the IT and ITES sector in the present research scenario which depicts the fact that in both these sectors, HCM and HR practices are generally people centric wherein the focus becomes to retain talented knowledge workers and provide them with peaceful and comfortable working environment

In this study, we propose a hybrid encryption framework combining RSA and ECC cryptographic techniques to secure cloud-stored keywords. While this approach offers robust encryption and enhances cloud data safety, the risk of forgery remains a concern. To address this, researchers have explored fragmentation-based solutions, which involve dividing data into smaller fragments, encrypting them, and distributing them across multiple cloud servers to prevent unauthorized access. However, existing efforts often overlook the potential knowledge loss caused by fragmentation, emphasizing the need for a tailored approach to mitigate this challenge. Our framework introduces a data-type-specific fragmentation strategy designed to accommodate the heterogeneity and size of cloud-stored data. This approach not only minimizes the risk of data loss but also optimizes cloud storage utilization. To evaluate its effectiveness, we compare the proposed framework against state-of-the-art random fragmentation techniques and traditional non-fragmentation methods, employing multiple performance metrics. The results highlight the potential of our solution to enhance both data security and cloud storage efficiency.

Education is a fundamental driver of socio-economic development and plays a pivotal role in reducing inequalities, fostering economic growth, and empowering marginalized communities, particularly women. This research examines the role of education in socio-economic development from a gender perspective in India, analyzing literacy rates, enrolment trends, dropout patterns, and workforce participation to assess gender disparities in education and their broader economic implications. The study employs secondary data analysis from government reports, national surveys, and global databases, focusing on key educational indicators such as Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), Net Enrolment Rate (NER), and the Gender Parity Index (GPI). Findings reveal significant progress in female literacy, with rates increasing from 43.6% in 1981 to 77.7% in 2017, and substantial gains among rural women (12.2% increase from 2011-2017). However, gender gaps persist, particularly in STEM education, workforce integration, and higher education participation. Despite rising female enrolment at the higher secondary level (from 39.4% in 2012-13 to 58.2% in 2021-22), challenges such as early dropouts, socio-cultural constraints, and limited access to higher education continue to restrict women's educational mobility. The dropout rate at the secondary level has improved, declining from 21% in 2013-14 to 13% in 2021-22, yet structural barriers like safety concerns, inadequate school infrastructure, and economic constraints disproportionately impact female students. While more women are entering teaching professions (126 female teachers per 100 male teachers at the primary level in 2021-22), gender-stereotyped career choices remain prevalent, with women dominating education and healthcare while men dominate engineering and technology. 
Moreover, female labor force participation remains critically low (25.1% in 2021 compared to 79.1% for men), highlighting the gap between education and economic inclusion. The study concludes that education alone is not sufficient to ensure socio-economic empowerment for women. To bridge the gender gap in education and employment, policy interventions must focus on improving educational quality, expanding STEM participation, addressing socio-cultural barriers, and strengthening the link between education and workforce opportunities. 

In the digital era, social media has become an integral part of people’s lives, with platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn playing a crucial role in communication and engagement. As a result, businesses increasingly leverage social media marketing to promote their products and services, interact with customers, and enhance brand visibility. This study examines the mediating role of social media in capturing consumer interest and evaluates its necessity compared to traditional marketing methods. By reviewing relevant literature, the paper explores whether businesses should rely solely on social media marketing or consider alternative promotional strategies. A qualitative and descriptive research approach is employed to assess the advantages and drawbacks of social media marketing. The findings highlight the importance of responsible usage while mitigating potential negative impacts. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that the focus should be on the strategic and productive utilization of marketing platforms, whether social media or other channels, to maximize effectiveness.

This paper explores how personalisation is affecting the fast-growing digital retail market in India, specifically looking at the shifting consumer expectations. The research analyzes how AI personalisation improves consumer engagement and purchasing behaviour while dealing with data privacy issues and compliance with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023. The most important conclusion is that personalisation increases revenue and customer retention but should also be accompanied by strong data protection policies. It also analyses the strategies of large Indian online retailers such as Amazon, Flipkart, and Nykaa and the difficulties encountered by SMEs in adopting affordable AI technologies. In the end, this paper emphasises the need for personalisation strategies that are responsive to market and legislative changes while remaining socially responsible for the future advancement of digital retailing in India.

The aim of this paper is to compare the HCM  policies followed in the IT and ITeS  companies in Bangalore and to check if they have an impact on the emotional intelligence of the employees. In this paper we have classified the HCM practices into eight categories and compared them across IT & ITeS industries and studied their impact on the emotional intelligence of the individual ( employee). The eight categories of HCM are Leadership Practices, Knowledge accessibility ,Workforce optimization, Learning capacity, Employee engagement, Relationship with immediate supervisor, Ethical capital and Succession planning. In order to do this study the 8 HCM practices were taken as Independent variables, and the EI was taken as a dependent variable.The study was conducted across 287 respondents (112 from IT and 175 from ITeS). It was revealed that there were certain differences in the relationship between the different HCM practices (stated as HR practices) and the select behavioural variable EI; however, at the end it was revealed that though differences exists, all the hypothesized relationships were  accepted asserting that the existence of relationship. Furthermore, there are no great differences in the IT and ITES sector in the present research scenario which depicts the fact that in both these sectors, HCM and HR practices are generally people centric wherein the focus becomes to retain talented knowledge workers and provide them with peaceful and comfortable working environment

Squeak is a powerful open-source Smalltalk programming environment that has gained attention for its versatility and dynamic nature in short time span. Squeak provides a comprehensive platform for Smalltalk development, offering a range of features that make it an attractive choice for both novice programmers and experienced developers. One notable aspect of Squeak is its cross-platform compatibility, running seamlessly on various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux. This versatility ensures that developers can work on their preferred operating system without sacrificing the benefits of the Smalltalk environment. Moreover, Squeak's interactive development environment facilitates rapid prototyping and experimentation, allowing developers to iterate quickly and refine their code efficiently.

This study looks at the link between portfolio returns and market returns in the Indian capital market, with an emphasis on finding the factors that influence portfolio returns. Using data from the Nifty 500 index, which includes 268 companies with at least ten years of trading history from July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2021, the study employs the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to analyse daily returns and assess the correlation between individual security returns and market returns. Key characteristics such as market capitalization, price-to-book value, price-to-earnings ratio, and earnings per share are investigated to better understand their influence on portfolio performance.The process entails computing beta coefficients using time series regression to assess systematic risk and the sensitivity of portfolio returns to market changes. By comparing estimated betas and alphas, the study hopes to give insights into the impact of market volatility on portfolio returns and crucial factors for effective portfolio management. The findings add to a better understanding of asset pricing dynamics in the Indian market, with implications for investors and portfolio managers

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the marketing landscape, enabling businesses to leverage predictive analytics and personalization to enhance consumer engagement. AI-powered marketing utilizes machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and big data analytics to predict consumer behavior, preferences, and purchasing patterns with remarkable accuracy. This review paper explores the transformative role of AI in modern marketing, emphasizing predictive consumer behavior analysis and the creation of personalized campaigns.
By analyzing historical data, AI-driven models can forecast trends, segment audiences dynamically, and optimize marketing strategies in real-time. Personalization, a cornerstone of AI-powered marketing, allows businesses to tailor content, recommendations, and advertisements based on individual user behavior. This targeted approach not only improves customer experience but also boosts conversion rates and brand loyalty. Additionally, AI facilitates automated decision-making in campaign management, ensuring efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Despite its numerous benefits, AI-driven marketing presents challenges, including ethical concerns regarding data privacy, algorithmic biases, and consumer trust. Addressing these challenges requires a balance between innovation and responsible AI deployment. Regulatory frameworks and ethical AI practices must be incorporated to safeguard consumer interests while maximizing the potential of AI in marketing.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI applications in marketing, highlighting case studies, recent developments, and future directions. The findings indicate that AI-powered predictive analytics and personalized marketing strategies are reshaping consumer-brand interactions, offering businesses a competitive edge in an increasingly digital world. As AI technology continues to evolve, its role in marketing will become even more indispensable, necessitating continuous research to refine its applications and address emerging challenges.

Microfinance and social entrepreneurship have emerged as transformative tools in fostering economic empowerment, particularly among underserved communities. This review paper explores the interplay between microfinance and social entrepreneurship, emphasizing their collective role in driving financial inclusion, poverty alleviation, and sustainable economic development. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide small-scale financial services, including microloans, savings, and insurance, enabling individuals to initiate and expand entrepreneurial ventures. Simultaneously, social entrepreneurs leverage innovative business models to address societal challenges, generating both financial and social returns.

The study examines how microfinance supports social entrepreneurship by offering capital, facilitating skill development, and fostering an ecosystem conducive to small business growth. It also investigates the challenges faced by microfinance institutions, such as high interest rates, repayment risks, and regulatory constraints, which can hinder their effectiveness. Furthermore, the paper discusses the broader implications of microfinance-driven social entrepreneurship, including women's empowerment, job creation, and community development.

By synthesizing findings from existing literature, the paper highlights successful microfinance interventions and social enterprise models that have contributed to economic empowerment worldwide. Additionally, it explores policy frameworks and technological innovations, such as digital microfinance and fintech solutions, that enhance the accessibility and efficiency of microfinance services.

The paper concludes that while microfinance and social entrepreneurship are powerful drivers of economic transformation, their success depends on sustainable financial structures, regulatory support, and innovative business strategies. A collaborative approach involving governments, financial institutions, and private sector stakeholders is essential to maximize their impact. Future research should focus on measuring the long-term socio-economic effects of microfinance-backed social enterprises and identifying best practices for scaling these initiatives.

The integration of HR analytics into financial decision-making is transforming workforce management by enabling data-driven strategies that enhance organizational efficiency and profitability. This paper explores the role of HR analytics in optimizing human capital investments, improving employee productivity, and aligning workforce planning with financial objectives. By leveraging big data, artificial intelligence, and predictive modeling, HR analytics facilitates evidence-based decisions in areas such as talent acquisition, performance management, compensation strategies, and employee retention.

The study examines key metrics and analytical tools that influence financial decision-making, including workforce cost analysis, turnover prediction, and return on investment (ROI) assessments. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of HR analytics on reducing operational costs, improving budgeting accuracy, and fostering a high-performance culture. The review also discusses challenges such as data privacy concerns, integration complexities, and the need for upskilling HR professionals to interpret and utilize analytical insights effectively.

Through an extensive analysis of existing literature, this paper identifies best practices and future trends in HR analytics, emphasizing its role in strategic decision-making. The findings suggest that organizations leveraging HR analytics gain a competitive edge by making informed financial decisions that enhance workforce productivity and overall business sustainability. The review concludes that a well-structured HR analytics framework is essential for organizations aiming to align human resource strategies with financial goals, ultimately driving long-term growth and resilience.

By providing a comprehensive overview of HR analytics in financial decision-making, this study contributes valuable insights into how organizations can harness data to create a more agile, cost-effective, and performance-driven workforce. Future research should focus on developing advanced analytical models and exploring the ethical implications of data-driven HR practices.